Machu Picchu
The Lost City of the Incas
Machu Picchu, which means “Old Mountain” in Quechua, was built in the 15th century under the Inca Pachacutec. Although its precise function remains a subject of research, it is believed to have served as a royal retreat or religious sanctuary. Hiram Bingham, an explorer and Yale University professor, unveiled Machu Picchu to the outside world in 1911. However, the site was never really “forgotten,” as the locals knew of its existence.
Machu Picchu is an Inca architectural wonder located in Peru, recognized worldwide for its impressive construction and unique location. The site has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a global event that highlighted its historical and cultural significance. Machu Picchu is famous for its advanced construction techniques, which include stone walls that fit together perfectly without the use of mortar, and a sophisticated system of terraces and water channels.
The citadel is divided into agricultural and urban zones, and it is believed that at its peak it could have housed more than 1,000 people, although its capacity could have been much greater. The construction of Machu Picchu, which was never completed, represents a testament to the Incas’ engineering ingenuity and vision. Despite the threats it faces from tourism and commercial development, ongoing conservation efforts seek to preserve this priceless cultural treasure for future generations.
Access to Machu Picchu is mainly through Aguas Calientes, and its exploration offers a window into the Inca past, revealing not only its architecture and urban design but also its connection to the natural and spiritual Andean environment.
Flora and Fauna:
Machu Picchu, beyond being an emblematic archaeological site, is also a refuge of remarkable biodiversity, located at the confluence of the Andes and the Amazon rainforest. This unique enclave is home to a variety of fauna and flora, some of which are endemic and rare species, underscoring the importance of conservation efforts in the region.
Flora: The vegetation at Machu Picchu is typically Andean, with the presence of cloud forests, which are home to an impressive variety of orchids – more than 370 species have been recorded here, representing approximately 20% of Peru’s species. These orchids bloom at different times of the year, giving the place an incomparable beauty constantly. In addition, the area has a great diversity of trees such as alder, white cedar, and cascarilla.
Fauna: The fauna at Machu Picchu is equally diverse, highlighting species such as the spectacled Andean bear, the only bear native to South America and an important symbol of conservation efforts in the region. Mammals such as the puma, the vizcacha (similar to a mountain rabbit), and diverse bird species can also be found, including the iconic cock-of-the-rock, the Andean condor, and a wide variety of hummingbirds. The natural sanctuary is also home to a rich variety of insects, amphibians, and butterflies, including the impressive blue Morpho butterfly.
Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu Mountains:
Iconic peak behind the citadel of Machu Picchu, known for its steep trail leading to breathtaking views. Limited to 400 visitors per day, it offers a challenging and exciting hiking experience.
It offers more accessible treks with panoramic views of Machu Picchu and the natural surroundings. It is a less crowded option compared to Huayna Picchu, ideal for those seeking a quiet experience.
How to Visit:
By Train and Bus:
- Train to Aguas Calientes: First you must take a car or bus from Cusco to Aguas Calientes, and then take a train from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, also known as Machu Picchu Pueblo. There are several service options, including luxury and economy trains.
- Bus to Machu Picchu: From Aguas Calientes, buses depart regularly to Machu Picchu. The trip takes about 25 minutes. You can also choose to walk from the village to the citadel, which takes about 1.5 to 2 hours.
Inca Trail:
The Inca Trail is the most famous and traditional trekking route to Machu Picchu, offering an immersive experience through the Andean landscape and various Inca archaeological sites. This trek generally lasts 4 days and 3 nights (there are also options for fewer days), ending with the arrival at Machu Picchu through the Sun Gate (Inti Punku).
Machu Picchu Gallery:
